Linking fragments of the Chester Beatty Hours

F-4tau

[sine loco], codices restituti

General Information

Title Reconstruction Chester Beatty Hours
Material Parchment
Place of Origin Paris, France
Date of Origin 1405–1408

Original Condition

Page Height 175 – 185 mm
Page Width 122 – 126 mm
Height of Written Area 81 – 83 mm
Number of Columns 1
Number of Lines 15
Ruling ruled in brown ink
Numbering

187 leaves, later foliation (from at least 1929) in pencil

Current Condition

Dimensions 125 x 180 mm
More about the Current Condition

The darkening along the edges of the leaves and the associated paint loss resulted from water damage sustained during a severe hailstorm in August 1846, when flooding inundated the basement of Sir John Boykett Jarman's London residence, where his rare books were stored. In response, Jarman engaged the London painter Caleb Wing (d. 1875) to "restore" the miniatures and borders affected by the flooding. According to conservator Libby Melzer, the overpainting of the four miniatures on these leaves is largely consistent with the style and colour palette of the original illumination.

Book Decoration and Musical Notation

Persons: The design of the miniatures and borders has traditionally been attributed to the Boucicaut Master, named after the Hours of Jean II Le Meingre Boucicaut (1366–1421), Marshal of France, and active in Paris between c.1400 and c.1430. More recently, the manuscript has also been associated with the Mazarine Master, named after the Book of Hours in the Bibliothèque Mazarine (MS 469) and active in Paris during the first two decades of the fifteenth century. The work of the two ateliers is closely related stylistically, although the Mazarine Master is distinguished by more graceful figures, a greater variety of patterned and gilded backgrounds, and softer modelling of drapery. The subject matter, overall design, and format of the miniatures and borders closely resemble those of Bodleian Library, MS Douce 144, and Walters Art Museum, MS W.265, suggesting that the manuscripts were produced in the same workshop.

History

Origin

The parent manuscript is one of the few securely dated Books of Hours. The date 1408 is recorded in the colophon (f. 158v), now preserved in the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin. The scribe wrote Factum est anno mo cccco viijo quo ceciderunt pontes parisius [Made in the year 1408, when the bridges of Paris collapsed]. This refers to the exceptionally severe winter of 1407-08, when flooding of the Seine caused three of the city’s principal bridges – the Petit Pont, the Grand Pont and the Pont Neuf – to collapse and be swept away. 

Christopher de Hamel has noted the similarity between this inscription and that found in the Bodleian Library's Book of Hours, MS Douce 144.

The date 1408 (anno mº ccccº viiiº) is written in a later hand on a bifolium preserved by the University of Melbourne.

Provenance

The earliest documented record of the manuscript appears in the sale catalogue of the collection of Sir John Boykett Jarman (1782-1864), auctioned by Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, 13-14 June 1864. The catalogue description (lot 47) claimed that the Book of Hours was "undoubtedly the Prayer Book of the King of France" because its binding displayed his arms. Jarman had owned the manuscript since at least 1846, when it, together with other books in his collection, sustained water damage after his house was flooded during a severe storm. Traces of the damage are visible on the Dunedin leaves.

At the Jarman sale, the manuscript was purchased for £13 15s by the publisher Edward Arnold (1857-1942). It remained in his collection until it was sold at Sotheby's on 6 May 1929 (lot 240). The manuscript subsequently passed to the Oxford booksellers Chaundy and was acquired later that year by Sir Alfred Chester Beatty (1875-1968).

Beatty dismantled the manuscript, removing and mounting many of the 28 leaves holding miniatures. He retained a number for his collection, presented three to Harold K. Hochschild (1892-1981) in 1931, and consigned six to Sotheby's, where they were cold on 22 March 1932 (lots 322-327). Following Beatty’s death, the remaining miniatures and other leaves were sold at Sotheby's on 24 June 1969 (lots  58A-58K). The majority were purchased by English book dealers Alan G. Thomas and Folio Fine Art Ltd and subsequently dispersed to collectors and institutions around the world.

Bibliography