The lively postures of the angels, the delicate architectural elements and the small-patterned geometric background with gold leaves allows us to link the fragment to a number of other manuscripts, including the missal of Corbie (Amiens, BM, MS 157), which dates from before 1297, and to Pierre de Raimbaucourt's Missal for Jean de Marchoul (The Hague, Royal Library, MS 78 D 40), produced in Amiens, in 1323. All this allows us to date the production of manuscript to which the fragment once belonged to around 1300 and to localise it in Northern France, possibly Amiens. Evidence of the early provenance links the fragment to England, but the lack of punched patterns on the gold helps to identify the style of the miniature as French rather than English. Thus, the fragment was probably produced by artists from North-France, probably in France, for an English patron. Based on the fact that these stilistically and thematically corresponding examples with the fragment are all parts of missals, it is quite plausible that the leaf was also originally part of a missal.

The heraldic arms that decorate the four corners of the manuscript are those of the Muchensy family (Or, three escutcheons vair), giving a strong indication that the manuscript was commissioned by a member of that family.

• Georgina Babinszki, Vlaamse Erfgoedbibliotheken, 2023
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