Large-format parchment folio, purchased by Northwestern University from Philip J. Pirages Fine Books and Manuscripts. It derives from a mid-16th-century Gradual. It contains chants for the Common of Confessors, including responsories, verses, and antiphons. Written in black square notation on red four-line staves, the folio features alternating red and blue initials with delicate pen flourishes.

• Paul Feller-Simmons, DACT, 2025
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